Journal: Veterinary Research Communications

Article Title: Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression

doi: 10.1007/s11259-026-11179-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of EVs derived from CIPp cells. ( A ) Schematic overview of EV isolation using TFF. ( B ) TEM image showing the typical round morphology of CIPp-EVs. Scale bar: 50 nm. ( C ) Representative NTA histogram demonstrating the size distribution of CIPp-EVs, with a mean diameter of approximately 140 nm. ( D ) Western blot showing selective enrichment of EV-associated markers (CD9 and CD81) in CIPp-EVs relative to parental cell lysates

Article Snippet: Specifically, antibodies against CD9 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; #13174), CD81 (System Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA; #EXOAB-CD81A-1) and Alix (Cell Signaling Technology; #2171) were used as EV-positive markers.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Isolation, Western Blot